Compare Sao Tome and Principe (2002) - Sao Tome and Principe (2003)

Compare Sao Tome and Principe (2002) z Sao Tome and Principe (2003)

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	Sao Tome and Principe (2002)	Sao Tome and Principe (2003)

Age structure	0-14 years: 47.7% (male 41,159; female 40,125) 15-64 years: 48.3% (male 39,701; female 42,586) 65 years and over: 4% (male 3,115; female 3,686) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 47.7% (male 42,480; female 41,411) 15-64 years: 48.3% (male 41,043; female 43,986) 65 years and over: 4% (male 3,197; female 3,766) (2003 est.)
Airports	2 (2001)	2 (2002)
Background	Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. Although independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. The first free elections were held in 1991.	Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. Although independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. Though the first free elections were held in 1991, the political environment has been one of continued instability with frequent changes in leadership and coup attempts in 1995 and 2003. The recent discovery of oil in the Gulf of Guinea is likely to have a significant impact on the country's economy.
Birth rate	42.3 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	41.87 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	revenues: $58 million expenditures: $114 million, including capital expenditures of $54 million	revenues: $58 million expenditures: $114 million, including capital expenditures of $54 million (1993 est.)
Death rate	7.32 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	7.11 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	$253.8 million (2000) (2000)	$253.8 million (2000)
Economy - overview	This small poor island economy has become increasingly dependent on cocoa since independence 26 years ago. However, cocoa production has substantially declined because of drought and mismanagement. The resulting shortage of cocoa for export has created a persistent balance-of-payments problem. Sao Tome has to import all fuels, most manufactured goods, consumer goods, and a substantial amount of food. Over the years, it has been unable to service its external debt and has had to depend on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. Sao Tome benefited from $200 million in debt relief in December 2000 under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. Sao Tome's success in implementing structural reforms has been rewarded by international donors, who have pledged increased assistance in 2001. Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies. Sao Tome is also optimistic that substantial petroleum discoveries are forthcoming in its territorial waters in the oil-rich waters of the Gulf of Guinea. Corruption scandals continue to weaken the economy.	This small poor island economy has become increasingly dependent on cocoa since independence 28 years ago. Cocoa production has substantially declined in recent years because of drought and mismanagement, but strengthening prices brighten prospects for 2003. Sao Tome has to import all fuels, most manufactured goods, consumer goods, and a substantial amount of food. Over the years, it has been unable to service its external debt and has had to depend on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. Sao Tome benefited from $200 million in debt relief in December 2000 under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. Sao Tome's success in implementing structural reforms has been rewarded by international donors, who pledged increased assistance in 2001. Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies. Sao Tome is optimistic that substantial petroleum discoveries are forthcoming in its territorial waters in the oil-rich waters of the Gulf of Guinea; production could begin as early as 2004.
Electricity - consumption	15.81 million kWh (2000)	15.81 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	17 million kWh (2000)	17 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 41% hydro: 59% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	fossil fuel: 41.2% hydro: 58.8% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Exchange rates	dobras per US dollar - 9,009.1 (December 2001), 8,842.1 (2001), 7,978.2 (2000), 7,119.0 (1999), 6,883.2 (1998), 4,552.5 (1997)	dobras per US dollar - NA (2002), 8,842.11 (2001), 7,978.17 (2000), 7,118.96 (1999), 6,883.24 (1998)
Exports	$4.1 million f.o.b. (2000 est.)	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	cocoa 90%, copra, coffee, palm oil	cocoa 80%, copra, coffee, palm oil
Exports - partners	Portugal 33.3%, Netherlands 8.3%, Spain 8.3% (1999)	Netherlands 30.1%, Poland 11.8%, Canada 9.7%, Germany 7.5%, Philippines 7.5%, Spain 7.5%, Belgium 6.5%, France 4.3%, Portugal 4.3% (2002)
GDP	purchasing power parity - $189 million (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $200 million (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $1,200 (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $1,200 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	4% (2001 est.)	4% (2002 est.)
Highways	total: 320 km paved: 218 km unpaved: 102 km (1996)	total: 320 km paved: 218 km unpaved: 102 km (1999 est.)
Imports	$40 million f.o.b. (2000 est.)	NA (2001)
Imports - partners	Portugal 43%, France 15.7%, UK 13.7% (1999)	Portugal 51.4%, Germany 10.1%, UK 7.6%, Belgium 6.3% (2002)
Infant mortality rate	47.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	total: 46.04 deaths/1,000 live births male: 48.07 deaths/1,000 live births female: 43.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	7% (2001 est.)	9% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CEEAC, CEMAC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 65.93 years male: 64.47 years female: 67.45 years (2002 est.)	total population: 66.28 years male: 64.79 years female: 67.82 years (2003 est.)
Merchant marine	total: 41 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 169,991 GRT/245,996 DWT ships by type: bulk 6, cargo 23, chemical tanker 1, container 3, livestock carrier 1, petroleum tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 2, specialized tanker 1 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Egypt 1, Greece 1, Kenya 1, Portugal 1, Syria 1, Turkey 1 (2002 est.)	total: 24 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 78,595 GRT/99,873 DWT ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 15, chemical tanker 1, livestock carrier 1, petroleum tanker 2, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 2 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Egypt 1, Greece 1, Kenya 1, Portugal 1, Syria 1, Turkey 1 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 35,524 (2002 est.)	males age 15-49: 36,905 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 18,727 (2002 est.)	males age 15-49: 19,443 (2003 est.)
Net migration rate	-3.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-2.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Population	170,372 (July 2002 est.)	175,883 (July 2003 est.)
Population growth rate	3.18% (2002 est.)	3.18% (2003 est.)
Radios	38,000 (1997)	-
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Total fertility rate	5.95 children born/woman (2002 est.)	5.88 children born/woman (2003 est.)

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